Background

The history of Pierce’s Disease (PD) and the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (GWSS) illustrates the challenges of managing an invasive, vector-borne plant disease. First identified in California vineyards in the late 19th century, Pierce’s Disease caused sporadic outbreaks until the introduction of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) in the late 20th century dramatically increased its spread. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, rapid GWSS population growth facilitated widespread transmission of Xylella fastidiosa, prompting state and federal agencies to implement intensive monitoring, vector control programs, and research initiatives. Key milestones include the establishment of the Pierce’s Disease Control Program (PDCP), the development of quarantine regulations, and ongoing outreach and research collaborations. This timeline highlights how the intersection of pathogen, vector, and human activity has shaped current management strategies and underscores the continued need for vigilance in protecting vineyards.